Basic KY.TMP Operation

LOOKING AT KY.TMP

Welcome! You can access a free, fully working 25-pipe version of the KYPIPE Total Modeling Package (KY.TMP). This represents the most advanced and comprehensive capability ever developed for pipe network modeling. Because the package does have so many features and capabilities, it will take a little time to review and try out various features. This document presents a brief description of the various modules and step by step instructions for quickly becoming familiar with some basic operations. We hope you will go through this document and learn more about this powerful technology developed by one of the world's leading group of experts. We think you will be impressed (and perhaps even amazed) by some of the advanced capabilities and stunning and useful graphics. Invest a little time now and you can save a great amount of time and money of future projects.

Our next development, fully utilizing the new powerful 32-bit features of Windows 95/NT, is ongoing. We are not rushing this development, so that we can be assured that our forthcoming developments will also provide the most advanced range of graphical and modeling capabilities. In addition, we will incorporate our new state-of-the-art modeling developments as they become available (such as locating unaccounted for water, optimizing pump schedules to minimize costs, integrated pressure surge analysis and surge control, etc.). Now and in the futures, users of KYPIPE technology can utilize the most advanced capabilities operating in an integrated graphical environment designed for them by recognized hydraulic modeling experts.

What is the Total Modeling Package?

As a result of our many years of experience, we gained considerable insight regarding the unique range of capabilities required to provide engineers an effective pipe distribution system model. It has been very clear that effective modeling requires much more than a superior hydraulic engine. Approximately three years ago, we made a decision to develop a total modeling package for general applications with special capabilities for water utilities. Our first version incorporates the following capabilities:

1) A customized graphical environment with outstanding ergonomics for network development, data entry and results review.

2) Advanced graphical tools for presenting and reviewing results

3) Integrated hydraulics and water quality modeling

4) Optimized calibrations to assure effective modeling

5) Integrated valve and hydrant operations which address both hydraulic considerations and essential records for these devices

Version 1 of our Total Modeling Package (KY.TMP) is now complete with all these important capabilities tightly integrated into a low cost package. The individual modules have been available for varying amounts of time and have been extensively utilized and tested, prior to their integration into this package.

Software Development and Support Team and Contact Information

The following individuals are involved in the Software development. Any of these individuals can be contacted directly for expert support. Additional contact information is listed below.

Civil Engineering Software Center
University of Kentucky
354 Civil Engineering Building
Lexington, KY 40506-0281

Phone: (606) 257-8005
FAX: (606) 323-4996

KY.TMP Documentation

This comprehensive KY.TMP package operates in a specially developed graphical environment. This package is designed to be very easy to use. The operations are largely intuitive and the ergonomics are outstanding. This guide will allow you to quickly learn the purpose, scope and use of the modules. However, there are literally hundreds of useful features and important modeling capabilities and it is not possible to provide all the detailed instructions and examples in this guide or online. There are several manuals, guides and other documentation which provide these important details. These include:

Visual Guides - This guide provides a very convenient visual reference to all the modules and their operations by showing the various screens and referencing each operation to a brief description and instruction. It also contains the Summary of Commands and Operations cards for KYCAD and KYGEMS. These cards and the Visual Guide will provide quick answers to most of your questions and should be used extensively.

KYPIPE3 Hydraulic Modeling Guide - This guide provides a detailed overview of the KYPIPE3 environment with various detailed descriptions of features and tips on setting up and running hydraulic models. It includes user's guides for KYCAD, KYDATA and KYGEMS, a detailed example and a tutorials to help you quickly get familiar with the programs.

KY.TMP Additional User's Guides - User's guides are provided for KYGUM, KYQUAL and KYCAL. These contain detailed instructions, examples and the theoretical background when appropriate.

KYPIPE Reference Manual - This manual provides technical details on the powerful KYPIPE hydraulic model. This manual covers the theoretical development, data requirements and numerous examples of the various calculations including direct calculations for design and operating parameters.

We can provide these guides and manuals for a nominal cost. Please contact us for details.

Using KY.TMP

The package is designed to be used with your mouse by clicking on modules, data, maps and schematic locations, etc. For a few operations a specific left click (LC) or right click (RC) is required as indicated. After you install KY.TMP (see next section) and type KY the Control Menu appears. A brief description of this menu and the various KY.TMP modules follows. After this, specific instructions for running KY.TMP are presented.

The Control Menu

You can use your mouse to select data files, file subdirectories and KY.TMP modules. For the selected subdirectory, a small picture of each system schematic appears to help identify your data files. You can click on the picture of the system or on the file name in the lower right corner of the menu to select that data file. Modules which can not be accessed because they are unavailable or preliminary steps have not been completed will be shaded or crossed out.

Use of KYCAD

KYCAD accesses the customized graphical environment for model development, modification and data entry and checking.

background pictures - Although not required, it is often useful to provide a background picture for your system. For water utilities this will generally be a map showing roads and waterways. However, any picture (building, floor plan, lot plats, etc. can be easily used. KYCAD will utilize a raster map in a specific PCX file format. We provide a utility to convert most graphical files to this format. This approach provides a simple means to utilize all types of background pictures. Additional details are provided in the KYPIPE Hydraulic Modeling Guide. A background file need only be named filename .PCX where filename is the name you are using for your system. When this PCX file is provided in the same subdirectory which contains your data file, the background will load automatically. The background can be turned on or off for both screen displays and printed copies.

laying out your network - Your piping network may be quickly laid out using your mouse. By moving the mouse and RC a pipe is added from the selected node (in red) to the mouse. Tanks, reservoirs, pumps, regulating valves, hydrants, control valves and intermediate nodes are all added (or deleted) with one or two mouse clicks. The KYCAD Summary of Operations and Commands card provides very concise instructions for all these operations. These instructions are also provided using the KYCAD online help. You can become rapidly familiar with the use of KYCAD by carrying out each of the commands and operations listed on the card using one of the example files. To develop a new system, first select New File from the data file list and then access KYCAD. A starting node for laying our your system will appear in the lower left hand corner.

entering and editing data - On the right side of the KYCAD screen pipe and node information windows appear showing the data for the selected pipe or node. Nodes and pipes are selected by pointing the mouse and LC and on the KYCAD display. Click on any data item to enter or modify the data. A left click (LC) will bring up a convenient selector list or slider for selecting data values and a RC will bring up an editing box to enter or edit data using the keyboard. KYCAD provides extensive group editing capabilities (type G to go into group mode and select as many pipes or nodes as desired). This feature can save you a great deal of time.

Use of KYDATA

KYDATA is a powerful master data management program for KY.TMP. Any data entries or editing is automatically passed between KYDATA and KYCAD. While the data which can be handled by KYCAD is limited to that associated with the pipe system layout, all the data is handled by KYDATA including data for the calibration and water quality modules.

KYDATA organizes all the data on just eight screens and your mouse is used to access the data screens and the specific data items. The Visual Guides provide details on specific data items, units required, etc.

Use of KYPIPE

KYPIPE is the hydraulic engine and can be accessed whenever a complete data file is available. Generally, you should use the file checking operations provided by KYCAD and KYDATA (Check and Sort) before accessing the engine. Once the hydraulic calculations are completed you can review or print the detailed tabulated results (click on View/Print). Alternately, you can review or print results using KYCAD (turn on labels - flows, pressures, etc.)

After the hydraulic analysis is completed, you can run the Supplemental Calculations which include operating cost analysis and a material/cost analysis. Additional cost data is required (KYDATA) for some of these calculations.

Use of KYGEMS

The Graphical Evaluation Modules provide some very advanced capabilities for results presentation and can be accessed following the hydraulic analysis. CONTOUR provides a variety of contour plots and customized parameter plots or tables of selected parameters. PROFILE provides useful graphical displays and prints of pipeline and head (pressure) profiles for selected paths of pipes. The KYGEMS - Summary of Commands and Operations card provides a convenient summary and the KYGEMS Visual Guide provides a detailed description of these operations. A very important feature of KYGEMS is the ability to produce high quality printouts of the graphical displays.

Use of KYGUM

The Graphical Utility Management module provides many useful capabilities involving control valves and fire hydrants. These devices are introduced using KYCAD by selecting a pipe and RC on the V (value) or H (hydrant) box in the OTHER INFO box. The device may then be dragged to its correct location along the pipe. An ID (identification label) should be assigned when the device is introduced. Subsequently, when KYGUM is accessed, all the valves and hydrants will be displayed and you can access their records (which are sorted using the assigned ID's). The KYGUM Visual Guide and User's Guide provides details and examples of the capabilities of this module.

Use of KYQUAL

The Water Quality module provides a number of important calculations, including the age and source of the water and the constituent concentration (chlorine residual, for example) at any location in the distribution system. To run this module you need only to have a KYPIPE data file for the desired conditions and provide the additional data on the KYQUAL data screen (KYDATA). Since water quality calculations are very sensitive to the normal flow changes occurring over a typical 24-hour period, it is expected that most water quality calculations will be made using 24-hour EPS data. The KYQUAL Visual Guide provides a quick reference for all the required data and the User's Guide provides a detailed description of the features, theoretical aspects and examples.

Use of KYCAL

This powerful module carries out an optimized calibration simultaneously utilizing a number of field pressure and flow measurements. To set up this calculation, a regular KYPIPE data file is required with one change specified for each set of field data. Each KYPIPE Changes screen will specify the conditions under which the corresponding field test was performed (tank levels, demand patterns, pump operation, etc.). One addition KYDATA screen (Calibration) is required to complete the data input. This provides the field measurements (one or more fire flow and residual pressures and/or one or more pipe flows for each test. Acceptable ranges for the data adjustments are also specified. Details are provided in the KYCAL Visual Guide and User's Guide. The required set up is quick and remarkably simply to produce an optimum solution to what, in the past, has been a time consuming and difficult yet essential task. A typical result of an optimum calibration is as follows. Prior to calibration the average difference between measured and calculated pressures exceeds 20%. After calibration, this difference is less than 4%.

Calibration is a necessary step to good modeling. In the past, this has been done using a time consuming trial and evaluation approach, which normally produces an improved model. However, seldom, if ever, does this approach attain an optimal calibration. Concessions are normally made because of the difficulties and time required to do this activity well and the calibrated model is not fine tuned.

Use of ViewPCX

KY.TMP graphics screens can be captured as PCX files and are automatically stored in a subdirectory called PCX. With this module you can access all the captured graphics screens and display or print them in color, if desired. These PCX files can be imported into other applications.

Use of View/Print

This utility allows you to access and view or pint tabulated results from all the various modules. It will automatically access the most recent set of tabulated results. This module has many useful features for selecting and viewing specific results. The screen can be split, for example, to compare results.

Looking at the Principal Modules

Step by step instructions for getting started with the principal KY.TMP modules follow. User instructions for various operations shown are in bold face.

1. Install KY.TMP: If you are operating in windows, first open a DOS window. Insert your KY.TMP disk (disk #1) in your A (or B) drive, access that drive and type Install (Enter). Provide responses to the on screen prompts until the install procedure is complete. After the install is completed, type KY to access the KY.TMP Control Menu. Additional information on installing KY.TMP is provided in the KY.TMP Visual Guides (Set up and Installation). Note that an automatic set up is performed which sets low screen resolutions. If you have a larger monitor (17" or 21") and a SVGA video capability, you may want to utilize a higher resolution. Click on Set up (under Other) to access the KY.TMP Set up menu to change and test the video settings and resolution.

2. Selecting subdirectories and data files: You should now have the programs installed and the KY.TMP menu on the screen. The install creates a subdirectory called KYTMP in which the programs reside. On future runs you should access this subdirectory and type KY to bring up the menu. The install also created three data subdirectories of KYTMP. One is called MANUAL and has data files for all the examples in the KYPIPE User's Manual and the KYPIPE3 Addendum. The second is named DATA and is provided for you to use for your problems. A third called SAMPLE contains the examples for the following demonstrations. The menu above shows that you are currently in the SAMPLE subdirectory. To access the DATA subdirectory (or any others), you should click the mouse on that subdirectory in the subdirectory selector (bottom left). We will look at an example from the SAMPLE subdirectory so click on SAMPLE to select that choice.

We will use EXBASE to illustrate a few operations.

3. Select data file. Using the mouse, select EXBASE from the data file selector in the lower right hand corner (or from the screen icon). EXBASE represents a small but typical water utility distribution system.

4. Use KYCAD to graphically review and print data and results. Click KYCAD. The system will appear on the screen. Note that a background picture is provided. This was obtained using inexpensive USA mapping software based on US government TIGER files to create a bitmap of the region. Using the Background Conversion Utility the bitmap file was then converted to a 16 color PCX file, which was named EXBASE.PCX. To obtain the KYCAD printout make sure your printer is on and click on PRINT and OK. Click on any pipe. The pipe data for the selected pipe (in red) will appear in the PIPE INFO box. Click on a node. The node data will appear in the NODE INFO box. To graphically review data, click on the L (label) box in either the NODE INFO box or the PIPE INFO box and select the item(s) you wish to review. Some illustrations follow: LC (left click) on the L box in the PIPE INFO box and move the mouse vertically to select DIA-RGH (diameters and roughness). This data now appears on the screen. LC on the L box in the NODE INFO box and move the mouse vertically to select DEMAND. Click on KYPIPE to run the hydraulic analysis.

After the hydraulic analysis has been run, the same procedure can be used to review results. LC on the L box in the PIPE INFO box and select FLOWRATE. LC on the L box in the NODE INFO box and select PRESSURE. These results shown are for the first (original-baseline) case. To print this KYCAD display of the pipe network showing pressures click on PRINT and OK. If other cases were set up in the data file you can also review these. LC on the SET box in the OTHER INFO box and select the case you wish to review. Alternately, you can RC on this box and cycle through the cases.

5. Use KYCAD to modify data and obtain results. You can easily change baseline data using KYCAD. For example, we wish to change the demand at the dead end node (right edge) from 100 to 150 gpm. Click on this node. LC on DEMAND in the NODE INFO box and move mouse vertically to select 150 (gpm) and click when slider is correctly positioned. Select KYPIPE from the main menu bar and click on KYPIPE to do the hydraulic analysis. The hydraulic analysis is carried out and the screen display is updated. If the flowrates and pressures were displayed as set up above then the updated values will appear. Note that the demand change could be made alternatively as follows. RC on DEMAND and key in the data (150-Enter) in the blue editing field which appears.

6. Additional illustrations of KYCAD features. You can cycle through the three options for viewing the background. Type Ctrl Y several times. You will cycle through 1) background on - pipes highlighted, 2) background on - pipes normal and 3) background off - pipes normal. You can add a new pipe (diameter = 4"; roughness = 120) between the node near the right edge and the node near the bottom edge. Select the first node (point the mouse and LC). Point mouse to the second node and RC. Check the data for this pipe in the PIPE INFO box. The diameter and roughness will default to values for the pipe selected prior to adding the new pipe and the length is calculated based on the map scale. To reset any of these values just LC on the data item and select a new value from the pop-up list or slider, which appears (or RC and key in a value). To add a valve (or hydrant) to the line to the tank select that line and RC on the V (or H) box (OTHER INFO). You can move the valve (or hydrant) along the line. LD (left drag - point the mouse to the valve hold mouse button down) and move the mouse.

7. Review the data. Click on KYDATA. Click on Pipes to see the pipe data. Click on any data item to edit that data. Click on Quick-Edit to select another data screen such as Nodes. Click on File and select Quit to return to the main menu. You can review all the data screens as noted above. Note that the use of Quick-Edit (and not Window) is recommended for accessing the data screens.

8. Run KYPIPE and review the tabulated results. Click on KYPIPE (upper left under Analysis). The simulations will take place and return to the viewing-printing module displaying tabulated results. Use Page Down or mouse click on the symbol to review the results. Note that you can also use the mouse to select portions of the results. DS accesses just the data summary, Org accesses the results for the original or baseline data and results for additional cases follow. In this example, there are no additional cases. Click on Exit to exit to the main menu.

These instructions are intended to enable you to quickly familiarize yourself with some important operations. Details on the use of the KY.TMP menu, KYDATA and KYCAD are in the KY.TMP Visual Guides. Data coding instruction, modeling features and examples are covered in detail in the KYPIPE User's Manual and specific features are discussed in detail in the KYPIPE3 Hydraulic Modeling Guide.  Using the KYCAD Graphical Interface

The KYCAD graphical interface has been designed specifically to provide a robust tool to enhance the use of the full range of the KY.TMP capabilities. The use of this powerful interface can be learned very quickly.

There are numerous very simple KYCAD operations to enable you to layout systems and enter or edit data. An excellent and rapid technique for reviewing these is to use this example to implement each of the appropriate operations listed on the KYCAD COMMANDS AND OPERATIONS card and shown below. We recommend that you bring up the example system (EXBASE) on the KYCAD screen and try out each KYCAD command or operation listed below. After that, you can go through the list of KYCAD Keystrokes which provide many additional capabilities. Finally, guidelines are provided for laying out your own system using KYCAD and for incorporating background pictures. While this information is not complete, these steps will allo you to very quickly learn how to utilize KYCAD.

KYCAD COMMANDS AND OPERATIONS

Using the Mouse KYCAD utilizes the mouse for most operations. The following terms are used to describe mouse operations.

CLICK - Depress either the left or right mouse button once. LC (left click) - Depress the left mouse button once. RC (right click) - Depress the right mouse button once. LD (left drag) - Press and hold the left mouse button, move the mouse, then release the button.

Controlling the Viewport

Zoom in - Type Z or click on up arrow (OTHER INFO).
Zoom out - Type X or click on down arrow(OTHER INFO).
Auto scale - Type A or click on A (OTHER INFO).
Zoom box - LD (drag) box, release and type Z or click up arrow.
Previous Zoom Level - Type \ to go back to previous zoom level.
Scroll screen - Click on scroll arrows or type the arrow key buttons to move up, down, left or right.
Pan - Press and hold both mouse buttons (hand appears) - move hand to pan viewport.
WHERE? - Click and hold to see relation of viewport to entire network.
Controlling Grid Lines - LC on GM or Gm (OTHER INFO) to use mouse to select grid spacing. RC to enter values from keyboard. Click on boxes to right of GM and Gm to turn on and off grid lines.

Laying out Network

Select node - Point mouse to node and LC (also pumps, valves, and hydrants).
Select pipe - Point mouse to pipe and LC.
Add node and pipe - Select existing node, point mouse to location of new node and RC.
Delete node and connecting pipes - Select node and type Ctrl D.
Add pipe - Select first existing node, point mouse to second existing node and RC.
Delete pipe - Select pipe and type D.
Change node type - Select node, click on TYPE (NODE INFO) and use mouse to make selection (junction, reservoir, etc).
Add pump - Select pipe and click on P (PIPE INFO).
Delete pump - Select pump and type Ctrl D.
Repeat Pipe - Select pipe, select node and type R.
Orthogonalize pipe - Select pipe, select free node and type O.
Set pipe status - Click on box to right of DIAM (PIPE INFO) to change pipe status to closed or insert check valve.
Move node - Click on node and LD to new location (also pumps, valves and hydrants).
Add an intermediate node - Select pipe and type I.
Delete an intermediate node - Select node and type ctrl. I.
Add or delete regulator - Select node and control pipe, click on R (PIPE INFO) when regulator box appears, click on TYPE and select type (PRV1, PRV2, PSV, FCV1, FCV2) to delete regulator set type to NONE.
Add valve or hydrant - Select pipe and RC on V (or H) box (OTHER INFO).
Delete valve or hydrant - Select valve (hydrant) and type Ctrl D. Display valves or hydrants - LC on V (or H) box (OTHER INFO).
Data Entry Pipes and nodes - Select pipe or node (junction, reservoir, tank or pump), LC on data item to use slider selector, move mouse vertically and click on desired value. RC on data item and enter data value from keyboard.
System data - Click on SYSINFO and enter data for flow units, head loss equation selection and fluid properties if required.
Regulator data - Select control pipe, click on R (PIPE INFO) to bring up regulator box. Click on data items and enter data values from keyboard.
Pipe titles - Select pipe and type T, enter title using keyboard. Node titles - Select node and type Ctrl T, enter title using keyboard.
Group edit - Type G to enter or exit group mode. Select desired group. Data changes specified while in group mode will apply to all items in group.

Information Labels

Pipe labels - LC on the L box (PIPE INFO) and use mouse to make selection from slider. RC will change to next item in list.
Node labels - LC on L box (NODE INFO) and use mouse to make selection from slider. RC will change to next item in list.
Selected labels - Type G to enter group node. Labels for results will appear only at selected nodes. Use mouse to click on nodes and pipes to turn on and off labels.

Group Selection and Group Editing

Enter or Exit - Type G to enter or exit group mode
Select Region - Encompass region with zoom box before entering group mode. Type G to enter group mode and automatically select all nodes and pipes completely within designated region.
Select Parameter Group - Use color emphasis to highlight desired group. Select one item from group to select entries group.
Select Nodes - LC on node to add to (red) or remove from group.
Select Pipes - LC on pipe to add to (red) or remove from group.
Edit Data - LC or RC on data value and enter new value. To use new value as multiplier for existing data precede with negative (-) sign. To use new value as additive to existing data precede with plus (+) sign. (Note value itself may be negative). With no sign new value replaces existing data value for selected pipes or nodes.
 

KYCAD KEYSTROKES

There are some functions that you can only access via the keyboard (such as delete a pipe) and others that the keyboard provides alternatives to the mouse selection. By selecting HELP from the main menu bar you can bring up this same list.

VIEW RELATED

Z Zoom in.
X Zoom out.
A Auto Zoom.
\ Go back to previous zoom region.
C Center Selected Pipe.
Ctrl+C Center Selected Node.
P Capture the KYCAD screen in PCX format.
, Select Previous Pipe.
. Select Next Pipe.
< Select Previous Node.
> Select Next Node.
[ Cycle through pipes connected to the selected node. This is required to access parallel pipes or pipe of very short length.

EDITING AND LAYOUT RELATED

D Delete Selected Pipe or Pipe Group (Group Mode)
Ctrl+D Delete Selected Node or Node Group (and all pipes connected to the selected node).
G Enter/Exit from Group Mode.
I Add intermediate node.
Ctrl+I Delete intermediate node.
L Toggle fixed length for selected pipe.
Ctrl+L Set all pipes to fixed length.
N Renumber pipes.
Ctrl+N Renumber nodes.
O Orthogonalize selected pipe by repositioning selected node.
Q Quick Layout - find and spawn the first unspawned node (Layout Mode only).
R Repeat selected pipe (add pipe of identical characteristics to selected node).
Ctrl+R Rotate entire pipe system specified number of degrees.
Ctrl+S Set all pipes to scaled.
T Enter title for selected pipe.
Ctrl+T Enter title for selected node.
V Inverse group (Group Mode only).
Ctrl+V Verify system connectivity
W Bring up Constraint set up menu.

PCX BACKGROUND PICTURES

Ctrl+K Specify background length of selected pipe to set background scale.
Ctrl+M Autoscale PCX background picture.
Ctrl+U Specify background coordinate of selected node.
Ctrl+Y Toggle to turn on and off background picture and pipe highlight.
 

Laying Out Your System

The following steps provide a brief guide for the simple procedure to lay out a basic system using KYCAD. The KYCAD User's Guide (KYPIPE3 Hydraulic Modeling Guide) provides a detailed description.

1) Select New File and click on KYCAD.

2) A starting node appears in lower left. Move mouse to different location and RC. This adds a pipe from starting (selected) node to mouse location and a new node at mouse location.

3) Continue to add pipes until layout is complete. If mouse points to an existing node, then a pipe is added from selected (red) node to the existing node.

4) Change nodes from junctions to tanks or reservoirs. Select node and click on TYPE (NODE INFO) and select Tank or Reservoir.

5) Provide data. Select SYSINFO and select flow units. Select each pipe and click (LC) on individual data items in PIPE INFO box and select values from pop up or slider or RC and key in values. Note that scaled pipe lengths are provided but can be reset. Repeat for all nodes (including Tanks and Reservoirs) using NODE INFO box.

6) Click on CHECK to provide a check of your layout and data. Turn on labels (click on L box (PIPE or NODE INFO) and select data items to review.

The system layout is now complete and the hydraulic analysis can be run. There are many useful features for data entry (default data values, group data entry, etc.) which can greatly simplify this process. However, this is intended to provide a simple step by step guide to the basic approach.

KYCAD Background Pictures

We provide a utility (Background Conversion) to convert any raster file to the required PCX format and to set suitable colors. Your raster file should always be processed using the Background Conversion Utility before using it with KYCAD. The backgrounds will be printed in black and white on laser and dot matrix printouts.

To incorporate a processed PCX background into your KYCAD schematic you should copy the PCX file into the same subdirectory that contains your data file and the PCX file should be named the same as the data file with a .PCX extension. When that is done, the PCX background will automatically load up when an existing data file with the same name is accessed by KYCAD. For new files you should first create a blank data file with the desired name. Just select New File and save it using the desired name, then quit KYCAD. When KYCAD is subsequently accessed, the background picture will load automatically. Several new KYCAD commands have been added for the PCX background pictures. At any time you can set the coordinate of any location on the background picture by placing a selected node at that location and typing Ctrl U and entering the X and Y coordinates. To scale the background you should draw a line segment (pipe) of a known length. You can drag the ends until you have the line precisely placed on the background, then type Ctrl K and enter the length of that line segment. The background is then scaled to this value.

You can take a look at some representative background pictures. Access the BACK subdirectory and select AIRPORT, CITY, or RURAL. Access KYCAD and these backgrounds will be displayed. No piping system has been laid out only the starting node is shown.

Looking at KYCAD and KYGEMS

We have provided several data files which can be used with KYCAD and KYGEMS. EXEPS is a 24-hour simulation of the same small water distribution system. This system sill be used to illustrate various capabilities the data file includes 25 global demand changes to simulate a typical 24 hour demand pattern. Extended period simulations (EPS) produce many results and the use of graphics can significantly enhance results presentation. The following steps will illustrate a few of the principal features for reviewing results graphically.

1. Select the EXEPS data file (MANUAL subdirectory).

2. Click on KYPIPE to run the simulations. When the simulation is complete the tabulated results appear. When you have finished reviewing these click on Exit to return to the menu. Click on Supplemental to run the supplemental calculations. After reviewing the results, which include power costs, click on Exit.

3. Click on KYCAD and Yes in response to "Load Results?". A schematic of this example appears. Note the background picture is not displayed. If you wish to display this, access the SAMPLE subdirectory (from DOS) and make a copy of the PCX file using your file name (copy EXBASE.PCX EXEPS.PCX). The background picture will then be displayed on subsequent KYCAD sessions.

4. To show data and results at nodes and pipes, click on the L box under NODE INFO or PIPE INFO and select from the list. To show pressure, for example, click on L in NODE INFO box and select PRESSURE.

5. Type Z to zoom in. To set the precision of the pressure, click Set up, click RESULTS PRECISION, and click 1 under NODE. Now the pressures are displayed to the nearest psi. RC on the box to right of file name (OTHER INFO) to step through simulations. LC to select time.

6. Use you KYCAD Commands and Operations card to try out the different operations listed. You should be able to try most of the operations on this card. Refer to your KYCAD Visual Guide for additional details.

7. Click on QUIT and do not SAVE (click on NO) the data file, since you may have made some inappropriate modifications.

8. Click on Contour under KYGEMS. A pressure contour plot of your system should appear.

9. Click on the to advance to the next simulation (hour) and &#27; to go back.

10. LC (left click) on some nodes to show a mini-plot of the pressure. RC on some nodes to show the max-min current values for pressure. Type X to find and display the maximum and N to display the minimum values. LC on the tank to see the tank level mini-plot. Click on this plot to change it to a full screen display.

11. Move the mouse to the color bar at the bottom to show the Menu bar and click on TABLE to produce a plot and table for the selected nodes.

12. Type Q to quit the Contour module and click on Profile (under KYGEMS) to display a pipe profile which includes the pumping station and the overhead tank.

13. Click on A:Auto on Menu bar at bottom to review the 24-hour EPS for this system. Type Q to exit Profile.

If the flow is not animated in your Profile display, then you are not in a Super VGA resolution. If this is the case, go to the Set up and select 256 color resolution (640x480x256, for example) and look at Profile again. Again, the KYGEMS Summary of Commands and Operations and the KYGEMS Visual Guide will provide additional guidance for looking at the features of this powerful module.

Looking at KYGUM

The KYGUM User's Guide contains detailed instructions and examples. However, you should be able to obtain a good idea of the KYGUM capabilities and features if you carry out the following steps.

1. Select the example data file EXBASE. This data file provides the baseline data and records for a representative water distribution system. You can review the data and note the locations of values and hydrants by accessing KYCAD.

2. Click on KYGUM (main menu) to load the KYGUM module. The system will appear with valves and hydrants showing. Note: Moving the mouse to the bottom of the screen activates the menu bar display.

3. RC (right click) on any location on a pipe to simulate a pipe break. The affected region and valves are highlighted. Type T to bring up a table of the valve data for the affected valves. Use arrows to go up, down, right, and left. Click MAP (bottom of screen) to return to the map screen.

4. LC on several hydrants (up to 8). The selected ones will turn yellow. Click on GRAPH to see a plot of either test data or calculated data for fire flows. Click on MAP to return to the map. Type R (remove) to clear the selected hydrants. KYGUM will calculate fire flows for selected or all hydrants and update the records.

5. KYGUM connects the hydraulic model to an extensive records database for valves, hydrants and pipes. To review tables of this data click on TABLE to go to the first table (Valve Records). Typing the numbers 1-6 will access the various tables.

1 - Valve records 2 - Valve maintenance 3 - Hydrant records 4 - Hydrant fire flow data 5 - Pipe records 6 - Pipe maintenance

These records are not complete but will give an idea of the information which can be incorporated. The tables can be customized by the user for their specific records. When done, click on MAP to return to the map mode.

6. The records can be reviewed (on screen) graphically and printed. Use the function keys (F2-F10) to display labels of selected data from the various tables. F1 clears the labels. Print will print the display. For example, type 4 to access the hydrant fire flow data and F8 (eighth item) to display the fire flow at 20 psi based on the available test data.

7. Valves and hydrants are added to your system using KYCAD. To review this operation, exit KYGUM (type Q and D) and access KYCAD. You should see valves and hydrants (and a background picture). Left click on the V and H boxes (OTHER INFO) to turn on and off the display of valves and hydrants. To add a valve or a hydrant to a selected (red) pipe right click (RC) on the V or H box (labels must be on). The added element will appear at the center (in red) and can be dragged to any location in the pipe.

It is not possible to adequately cover the many features of KYGUM with this quick illustrative example. However, the module is simple to use and you can try more features than those described above. Please feel free to contact us regarding this module.

LOOKING AT KYQUAL and KYCAL

These modules represent state-of-the-art modeling packages and a detailed user's guide describing the modeling approach, data requirements and illustrative examples is important documentation, which is provided for each module. It is not possible to include comprehensive documentation in this guide. However, an example data file is provided for each module to illustrate the relative ease of performing these important calculations.

Water Quality Modeling (KYQUAL) - An example data file, EXQUAL, illustrates the steps normally taken to develop a water quality analysis. This example calculates the chlorine residuals expected over a typical 24-hour period. The EXEPS data simulating a typical 24-hour period will be used. This data file is accessed using KYDATA and one additional data screen (Water Quality) is accessed, the necessary data provided and a new data file (EXQUAL) saved. To see the additional data select EXQUAL, KYDATA and Water Quality. All that is required here is a chlorine decay rate for the pipes (-.04 ppm/hour) and the tank (-.06 ppm/hour) and the chlorine concentration in the supply reservoir (3 ppm). You can now exit KYDATA and click on KYQUAL to run the water quality model. When done, you can review the tabulated results (click on View/Print) or review the results graphically (click on Contour). This is a simplified example but does illustrate how these important calculations can be quickly set up in the integrated KY.TMP modeling environment.

Optimized Calibration (KYCAL) - An example data file, EXCAL, illustrates the procedure for making these important calculations. This example calibration is carried out using the six fire flow test data results shown in the KYGUM table. This is the sort of data typically used for calibration. A KYPIPE data file is set up with a change defining the conditions for each of the six fire flow tests. Then, a single KYDATA screen (Calibration Data) is accessed to provide the additional data setting the bound for roughness adjustments, tolerances for the test data and the test pressures and flows. You can review this data screen (select EXCAL, KYDATA and Calibration). Exit KYDATA and click on KYCAL to run the optimum calibration model. This may take a little time because literally thousands of simulations will be performed to select the optimum adjustments. When finished you can click on View/Print to review the results.

The results summarized below show that before calibration, the differences between field measurements and model calibrations for the residual pressure (PR) averaged 6.8 psi (23%), while after calibration the difference was 1.4 psi (3.4%). This was accomplished by setting the roughness of the 4" pvc pipes to 112 and the 6" ductile iron pipes to 98.

Example Graphical and Tabulated Results

A selection of KY.TMP graphical and tabulated results are numbered and attached. A description of the procedure to obtain these results follows. Your printer should be online and the correct selection (laser or dot matrix) designated in the KY.TMP set up.

1. Select the EXBASE data file, access KYCAD, type A (to autoscale the entire network on display) and click on PRINT and OK.

  

2. Type Ctrl Y twice to remove background. Then, click on the L box (label box) in NODE INFO and select HYDRANT ID. Click on PRINT and OK. Repeat for VALVE ID. Click on QUIT to exit KYCAD.

3. Click on KYGUM. When network display appears, move mouse pointer to bottom to activate menu bar and click on TBL (tables). The first table (Valve Records appears). Type the table number (1-6) to display the six tables shown. Click on PRINT (bottom) at any time to get the printout of the table displayed.

4. Click on MAP (bottom) to return to network display. RC on any pipe location to simulate pipe break and locate isolation valves. The display shown appears. Move mouse to bottom edge and click on PRINT to get this printout. You can click on TBL to display and print list of the valves identified.

5. Move mouse to lower edge and click on GRPH (graph) to get this plot of fire flow test data. Click on PRINT to get this printout.

6. Type Q (quit) and D (don't save) to exit KYGUM. Select EXEPS, which is a 24-hour simulation, to obtain some useful KYGEMS displays of results. Click on Contour (under KYGEMS) and this display of pressure contours appears. Type to go to the next time. At time = 3 hours move the mouse pointer to the bottom and click on PRINT to print this display. Type Q to exit the KYGEMS module.

7. Select (click on) Profile (under KYGEMS) to access the profile module and the display shown. Click on PRINT to pint this display. You can click on A to automatically step through the 24-hour simulation showing the tank action. (Note, that if you have not modified your KY.TMP set up to use a SVGA - 256-color video mode, you will not have an animated display). Type Q to quit the Profile module.

8. Click on Contour once again to look at some additional features for reviewing results. The network schematic will appear with solid colored pressure contours. You can click on any node to show a mini table (RC) or mini plot (LC). Five mini tables obtained by RC are shown. Move the mouse to the bottom and click on GRAPH to get the pressure-time plot shown for the selected nodes. Click on TABLE to generate the table shown for the selected nodes. Click on CONTOUR to return to the contour display. Click on CAPTR (capture) to capture this display in the PCX format and store it in your PCX subdirector. Type Q (quit) to return to the main menu.

Click on ViewPCX (main menu under Output) to access and display any captured graphics displays. You can select the one just captured. Utilities are provided for selecting a printer and printing the PCX displays (in color, if you have a color printer) to any size. These PCX files can be exported to other applications or used to make slides or computer presentations.

Some Other Things to Try

1. Color Printouts- If you have a color printer, you can produce color printouts of any size of the captured PCX files (stored in the PCX subdirectory). Just access ViewPCX, select Printer Set Up to select your printer, select a PCX file to print, and select either Print Portrait or Print Landscape to choose the orientation you prefer.

2. Process or Modify a Background Picture- If you have a raster file, you can process it for use with KYCAD as follows. Copy the file into one of your KYTMP subdirectories. Then, from the KYTMP menu, select Other then choose the Background Conversion Utility. Provide the file name with the local path designation (Note the on-screen instructions). For example, to modify the colors for the sample CITY file do the following.

a. Click on Other
b. Click on Background Conversion Utility 
c. Enter file name with path (back\city.pcx)

After the picture appears, you can modify the colors by typing the letter associated with the original color shown. Type 'O', for example, to change the yellow to white. When done, type 'S' to save a modified file with these colors. Copy the resulting SAMPLE.16 (or SAMPLE.256) file using your data file name as instructed (COPY sample.16 back\city.pcx). When you next access the CITY data file in KYCAD the background will incorporate any changes made.

Trouble Shooting

As with any complex modeling software, it is possible that you may encounter a problem. You are welcome to call us for help. Providing a high level of technical support is extremely important and one of our goals. We have listed a few situations and actions, which may help if you have a problem.

Out of Memory or Out of String Space- The Extra Memory selection (set up) may need to be changed, if this message occurs. KY.TMP requires around 560K of conventional memory to run all the modules (KYCAD requires the most). If you encounter this message when loading KYCAD, then you may need to modify your CONFIG.SYS to make more conventional memory available. Without increasing the available conventional memory, you may be able to run all modules except KYCAD.

Feature Removed - If you do something which causes your computer to crash, you may get a message like above. If this occurs, reboot your computer and the problem should go away.

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Please direct your questions to Aaron Basil (kpfs@bigfoot.com)

Copyright ? KYPIPE, Inc. All rights reserved.
Revised: April 27, 1999